Second Language Acquisition vs Learning
A slideshow recently published discusses Krashen's five main hypotheses on second language acquisition.
Here is a recapitulation of the points covered.
The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
- Acquisition and learning are completely different.
- Acquisition means you're speaking without thinking about grammar or rules.
- Acquisition means you're reacting and interacting with your environment in a meaningful way: focused on the message to convey.
- Acquisition comes about as a need and desire to communicate one's thoughts and feelings.
- Glossika courses focus on audio acquisition and the ability to communicate one's thoughts and feelings.
The Monitor Hypothesis
- This monitors how you're using the acquired language: correctly or incorrectly and relates to your knowledge of grammar.
- Optimal use of the monitor focuses on easy-to-use rules and competence as a goal.
- Over-use leads to the fear of making mistakes.
The Natural Order Hypothesis
- That language learners learn parts (morphemes) of the language in a natural order is in conflict with reality
- Textbooks are normally based on what is easiest for teachers to explain, which is not the best approach for students
- Native speakers use some morphemes more than others, so there is no way to predict priority
- Glossika courses are built using the most frequent syntactic structures found in language allowing you to acquire a large range of expression in as little time as possible.
The Input Hypothesis
- What a language acquirer understands is "i", meaning input.
- Language acquirers should focus on comprehensible input which contains a little bit more than "i", in other words "i+1"
- Language can be acquired more effectively by deducing the full meaning from context and acquiring new vocabulary
- Speaking is achieved when the person understands (it's okay to delay speaking)
- The more comprehensible input, the more speaking one does, the more fluent a learner becomes
- Glossika courses start with the assumption that you have some "i" already, and you're looking to build upon it. Glossika is also an excellent way to recover/revive or re-learn a language you studied in school many years ago.
The Affective Filter Hypothesis
- Low filter means: high motivation, self-confidence, good image, low anxiety
- High filter means: low self-esteem, high anxiety
- Low filter creates better results: stay positive and don't over-think everything!
- If you have a strong reason to learn a language and are strongly motivated, then go for it! You can start a free trial right here with us.
Activities
- Design dialogues that you can exchange with friends
- Design interviews that you can have with anybody that you meet for the first time
- Make a list of personal opinions you can share with someone
- Practice role playing as someone else
- Try to act out how you would solve a problem in your new language
- Teach or re-tell something that you just learned or heard about in your new language
You can see the detailed slideshow regarding this presentation here: http://www.slideshare.net/AjaanRobCMU/krashens-five-main-hypotheses